Following the "International Workshop on Traditional Science in Asia (IWTSA) - Overlapping Cosmology in Pre-modern Asia", which took place 17-19 June, 2015 at Kyoto University, we would like to bring together once again the leading scholars in the field of history of astronomy and astral science in various parts of Asia for an international conference on the topic of "East-West Encounter in the Science of Heaven and Earth". While we tend to think of astronomical knowledge as unique to each civilization, the participants will share insights from historical studies and scientific projects exploring how different traditions interact across borders and cultures, making the science of the universe one of the most cosmopolitan knowledge systems. With particular focus on Asia - a region whose long scientific tradition has been understudied compared to that of its Western counterpart - the participants will discuss from different angles how pre-modern science had been transmitted, transformed and acculturated as they cross linguistic and cultural borders, past and present.