The growing activity and progress in organic and printable electronics, together with the need for on-chip integrable and inexpensive detecting systems, have prompted the development of easily processable organic field-effect transistor (OFET)- and light-emitting diode (OLED)-based sensors, photodetectors, and bioelectronic devices. Solution or easily processable two-dimensional metal oxides, carbon-based, and hybrid organic/inorganic 2D and 3D materials have proven useful as active layers in chemical and biological transducers. Novel technological approaches that allow the integration of functional bio-receptors into device structures are also critically important to endow such devices with recognition capabilities. Fast and even simultaneous detection of multiple analytes utilizing micro/nano array systems will open a plethora of novel applications in key areas such as clinical analysis, environment monitoring, food and beverage safety, and homeland security. The assessment of the analytical performance level of sensing devices is strategic for achieving on-chip reliable quantitative analysis. Continued research and development efforts are needed to further improve sensors’ performance level and low cost manufacturability. 

Organic and printable bioelectronics is also attracting increasing interest. The field explores chemical, ionic, and optoelectronic attributes of organic materials and their incorporation in bioelectronic devices. Examples of devices include ion pumps based on conducting polymers, which have been used to control cell growth, and conducting polymer electrodes for medical implants. A better understanding of the organic/living tissue interface, which will lead to the design of better biosensor concepts, remains a challenge.