Faced by increasing demand for services, reduced funding and staffing, and pressures imposed by state and federal governments, health services around the world are under increasing pressure to become more efficient in how they offer their services. There is a growing need for novel technologies that understand the complexities of the health system – from operations to general practice and community care - and offer much needed productivity gains in resource usage and service delivery. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used in many ways to better understand this complex system and provide solutions. Research is vital to be able to show how AI can be used and extended to meet the needs of the health system. All areas of artificial intelligence are currently being extended to take on some of these challenges. Some examples include Google’s efforts to use deep learning to build the Google Brain and teach machines to think and learn like humans, and the use of semantic technologies to take on the challenge of enhancing big data analytics. Translating research from labs to everyday use in hospitals and medical practice remains one of the greatest challenges for AI in the health research community. The Artificial Intelligence in Health (AIH) research workshop series was started in 2011 as a national initiative to bring together scholars and practitioners who are using Artificial Intelligence to solve health and medical problems to present and discuss their research, share their knowledge and experiences, define key research challenges and explore collaborations to advance e-health development nationally and internationally.