Fixed wing UAV autonomous landing guidance system needs high precision, fast tracking speed. This paper designed and built a set of Ground-based visual guidance system, which first introduced the visual landing guidance system principle, composition, analysis of the mathematical model and error analysis of the system; The Adaboost algorithm was applied to the recognition of UAV, UAV samples and non-UAV were choosed for training cascade classifie. After the recognition of UAV, the UAV tracking based on vision was introduced. Finally, the reliability, tracking speed and precision of the system were verified by field experiments. The experimental results showed that the designed landing guidance system could meet the requirements of the precise autonomous landing of a fixed wing UAV.