Raman spectroscopy, as a molecular fingerprint technique based on the Raman scattering, enables deciphers the composition and structural characteristics of minerals and organic matters through characteristic Raman shifts induced by the molecular vibrations and rotations. Geobiology focuses on the interactions and co-evolution between life and Earth's environments (or the geosphere and biosphere), with research targets spanning macrofossils, microfossils, geomicrobes and geoviruses. Key research frontiers of Geobiology include: (1) geomicrobes and its biogeochemistry, (2) co-evolution of early life and Earth’s environments, (3) biota-mediated formation and deconstruction of sediments, rocks, and minerals, and (4) biological responses to environmental changes. These themes highlight that the interactions between organisms and minerals represent a central focus of geobiological studies in the past, present, and in the future. Raman spectroscopy enables simultaneous characterization of mineral phases and their associated organic matter, offering unique advantages in elucidating the mechanisms of life-mineral interactions. Targeting the application of Raman spectroscopy in Geobiology, this review addresses: (1) principles, instrumental configurations, and functional modes of Raman spectroscopy; (2) Raman spectral evolution patterns reflecting the thermal maturity of organic matter and (3) case studies demonstrating the utility of Raman spectroscopy in Geobiology. Through this framework, we aim to elucidate the critical role of Raman spectroscopy in deciphering life-mineral interactions and propose analytical insights for its future deployment in this field.

Raman spectroscopy,Geobiology,life-mineral interactions