To calculate the properties of partially ionized plasmas, the composition is required. The
ordinary Saha equation is not applicable for dense plasmas where a quantum statistical
approach is necessary. Using thermodynamic Green’s functions, the spectral function is
obtained from the self-energy, which is calculated using diagram techniques. Quasiparticle
energies depend on density and temperature, the ionization potentials and related quan-
tities are changed. Quantum statistical effects (dynamic screening, Pauli blocking) are
considered [1-3] and compared with DFT-MD simulations [4] and PIMC simulations [5,6].
The relevance for astrophysics and experiments is discussed [7-12].

[1] C.L. Lin, G. Röpke, W.-D. Kraeft, and H. Reinholz, Phys. Rev. E 96, 013202 (2017).
[2] G. Röpke, D. Blaschke, T. Döppner, C.L. Lin, et al., Phys. Rev. E 99, 033201 (2019).
[3] C.L. Lin, Phys. Plasmas 26, 122707 (2019).
[4] M. Bethkenhagen, B.B.L. Witte, M. Schörner, D. Kraus, et al., Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023260 (2020).
[5] M. Bonitz et al., Phys. Plasmas, 31, 110501 (2024).
[6] M. Bonitz and L. Kordts, arXiv:2502.10548 (2025).
[7] K. Dzierzega, F. Sobczuk, E. Stambulchik, B. Pokrzywka, Phys. Rev. E, 103, 063207 (2021).
[8] J.L. Zeng, C. Ye, Y.J. Li, and J.M. Yuan, Results Phys. 40, 105836 (2022).
[9] Y.H. Huang, Z.H. Liang, J.L. Zeng, and J.M. Yuan, Phys. Rev. E 109, 045210 (2024).
[10] J.L. Zeng, A.H. Deng, C. Gao, Y. Hou, and J.M. Yuan, Phys. Rev. E 111, 015211 (2025).
[11] F. Yadav, A. Goyal, N. Singh, Phys. Let. A 523, 129765 (2024).
[12] W. Ebeling, G. Röpke, in preparation

Warm Dense Matter