本文深入剖析了中美两国在全球气候治理背景下国家自主贡献（NDC）的进展情况，涵盖应对气候变化机制与机构建设、NDC 目标的发展与演变、目标分析及实施进展跟踪、实施政策措施与行动等多方面。中国构建了全面系统的应对气候变化机构体系，NDC 目标稳步强化，在碳排放强度下降、非化石能源占比提升等方面成果显著，政策措施全面且连贯。而美国受两党政治影响，机构建设与政策缺乏稳定性，NDC 目标波动大，虽有进展但在减排力度和能源结构调整速度上落后于中国。研究表明，稳定的机构建设、连续一致的政策行动以及大国担当对全球气候治理至关重要。中美应加强合作，共同引领全球气候治理进程，为实现《巴黎协定》目标贡献力量。本文为全球气候治理提供了重要参考，有助于推动各国更好地制定和实施 NDC。

This paper deeply analyzes the progress of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of China and the United States in the context of global climate governance. It covers many aspects, such as the mechanism and institutional construction for addressing climate change, the development and evolution of NDC goals, goal analysis and implementation progress tracking, implementation policies, measures, and actions. China has constructed a comprehensive and systematic institutional system for addressing climate change. The NDC goals have been steadily strengthened, and remarkable achievements have been made in aspects such as the decline in carbon emission intensity and the increase in the proportion of non-fossil energy. The policy measures are comprehensive and coherent. However, affected by the two-party politics in the United States, the institutional construction and policies lack stability. The NDC goals fluctuate greatly. Although there is progress, the efforts in emission reduction and the speed of energy structure adjustment lag behind those of China. The research shows that stable institutional construction, continuous and consistent policy actions, and the responsibility of major powers are crucial for global climate governance. China and the United States should strengthen cooperation and jointly lead the global climate governance process to contribute to the realization of the goals of the Paris Agreement. This paper provides important references for global climate governance and helps promote countries to better formulate and implement NDC. ​

国家自主贡献,巴黎协定,中美对比,气候变化