Objective
Rumination is a cognitive process closely related to suicide. Clinical findings suggest that individuals with suicidal tendencies often exhibit repetitive mental fixation on suicidal thoughts and related stimuli, known as suicide-specific rumination. The aim of this study is to revise the Chinese version of the Suicide-Specific Rumination Scale and validate its reliability and validity, as well as to explore the dynamic characteristics of suicide-specific rumination and its relationship with suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts.
Methods
In Study 1, cluster sampling and convenience sampling were employed to administer the scale to 257 university students with a history of suicidal ideation. The Rumination Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Suicide Behavior Screening Questionnaire were selected as criterion tools. In Study 2, the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method was used to continuously monitor the rumination, suicide-specific rumination, and suicidal ideation of 21 university students with suicidal thoughts in the past two weeks, five times a day for 14 days. R language was utilized to construct models of the relationships between suicide-specific rumination and its sub-dimensions and suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts during the same and subsequent time periods.
Results & Discussion
The Chinese version of the scale retained the original 8 items and consisted of two dimensions: fixation on suicidal ideation and visualization of the suicide process. The model fit indices were good (χ2/df = 2.035, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.964, RMSEA = 0.086), with a cumulative variance explained rate of 79.6% and a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.963 for the total scale, indicating good reliability and validity. After controlling for the time interval, suicide-specific rumination and its sub-dimensions were significantly positively correlated with the frequency and intensity of suicidal ideation, and higher than general rumination. They could predict the occurrence of future suicidal ideation and attempts, with the fixation on suicidal ideation dimension having stronger predictive power. Meanwhile, suicidal ideation also influenced the frequency of suicide-specific rumination in the future.
Conclusions
This study provides a tool for domestic suicide research and empirical evidence for further constructing a theoretical model based on suicide-specific rumination and exploring its role in the process of suicide development. Future research can better assess suicide risk by incorporating dynamic monitoring of suicide-specific rumination and further develop targeted interventions for suicide-specific rumination.
 

Suicide-Specific Rumination, Suicidal Ideation, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Chinese University Students, Reliability, Validity