Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality in which a Boron-10 containing compound is initially administered into the patient's body, allowing selective absorption by tumor/cancer cells, followed by irradiation with thermal or epithermal neutrons. The interaction between neutrons and Boron-10 releases high-energy particles (alpha and lithium) that destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. The use of accelerators to produce neutrons for BNCT has significantly expanded research and increased the number of clinical trials due to the enhanced accessibility of facilities. BNCT facilities that use accelerators as sources of the neutron beam for treatment are known as Accelerator-Based BNCT (AB-BNCT). However, the generation of secondary radiation during neutron production poses significant challenges, necessitating effective shielding strategies to ensure the safety of both patients and workers. This review examines the sources of secondary radiation in AB-BNCT facilities, including neutrons, gamma rays, and other byproducts of neutron interactions. It explores the common neutron-induced radioactive nuclides, their significance concerning the operation and cooling times of the facility, and various shielding materials and their effectiveness in attenuating these radiations, with a particular focus on composite concrete, borated polyethylene, and lead. Furthermore, the review explores the role of AI applications in assessing secondary radiation sources and shielding materials in AB-BNCT facilities. AI-driven simulations and modeling techniques enable rapid and accurate identification of complex radiation interactions, aiding in the design and optimization of shielding strategies by analyzing material effectiveness in attenuating secondary radiation. This review emphasizes the critical role of AI in enhancing radiation protection measures in AB-BNCT facilities. By integrating AI applications into BNCT facilities, shielding designs can effectively mitigate potential hazards associated with secondary radiation, thereby advancing the safety and efficacy of BNCT treatments.