Recent progress of laser shock techniques is challenging a new direction to make the new discovery of matter at extreme conditions. Laser shock techniques not only could achieve TPa high pressure (1 TPa= 1000 GPa) in the lab now, but they are also very flexible and easy to couple with many advanced X-ray or optical diagnostics, such as in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), which provide the atomic scale image of materials at high pressures. In this talk, I will provide a picture on how we do laser shock experiments and how to measure the pressure, temperature, and phase structure at nanosecond time scale in micrometer space size with in-situ XRD platform. 
Some experimental results on laser driven compression will also be explained. One is the observed melting behaviors for shocked diamond, which provides new critical constrain on theoretical calculation and may affect prospect of understanding carbon in the interiors of large ice giants and design of ICF ignition process. We will also introduce our new in-situ XRD experiments for shocked single crystalline Mg₂SiO₄ above 200 GPa using the high-power laser facility SGIII-prototype in China. Finally, we will discuss the melting behavior in the system MgO-SiO₂ including forsterite and enstatite compositions.
 

Laser shock compression;,phase transition;,melting,diamond,silicates