For warm/hot and dense plasma (WDP), the ionization potential depression (IPD) plays a crucial role in determining its ionization balance and understanding the resultant microscopic plasma properties. However, the applicability of the widely used IPD models nowadays is limited, especially for the WPD produced by short-pulse laser. In WDP, due to the nearby ions, both the distribution of electrons around targeting ion and the condition of ionization change. In this work, an unified model is proposed for treating the IPD in WDP with a wide range of temperatures and densities, in which the influence of the nearby ions are considered, and are found to play a crucial role in determining the IPD for WDP. This IPD model is validated by reproducing latest experimental results of Al, Mg and Si plasmas with a wide-range condition of 70-700 eV temperature and 1-3 times solid density, as well as the hollow Al ions measured in experiment. With a lower computational cost and wider application range of plasma conditions, the proposed model is expected to provide a promising tool to study the ionization balance and the atomic processes as well as the related radiation and particle transports properties for a wide range of WDP.
 

warm and dense plasma,ionization potential depressions