Reasonable deployment of charging stations is an effective measure to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs), contributing to reduce the environmental pollution. A bi-level mathematical programming model is formulated in this paper with the consideration of energy consumption feature of EVs. The lower level of proposed model is an extension of user equilibrium model with adding a consumption-related component in the objective function, while the upper level model is to maximize the path flow that charging stations can serve. A new definition called equivalent driving distance (EDD) is created to indicate the consumption of EVs. The validity of model is proved by a numerical example on the Nguyen–Dupuis network. The result demonstrates that the model is efficient and the optimal location of charging stations is influenced mostly by the driving range of EVs.

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