The existence of particulate matter in the atmosphere under the background of canyon street should not be underestimated. The aerodynamic diameter of particulate matter is very small, and the human body will be exposed to different degrees of harm from particulate matter of different particle sizes. Therefore, it is necessary to study its distribution, diffusion characteristics and influencing factors from the perspective of public health of transportation. In this paper, a section of open road and three sections of canyon road in xi 'an were selected to conduct a one-week experiment to continuously monitor the concentration of particulate matter in real time, and then conduct data analysis with multiple linear regression method. Predictive variables were traffic conditions, street configuration and atmospheric conditions, respectively. Both Grimm11-A and Kestrel 5000 were used as monitoring instruments. The experimental results show that the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter is positively correlated with the length-width ratio of canyon street, negatively correlated with the aspect ratio of width to height, negatively correlated with the wind speed, strongly correlated with the Angle of wind direction and street axis, as well as traffic conditions. Through this experiment, reasonable suggestions can be put forward for urban road planning (including pavement width, green belt and temporary parking space layout, etc.). Keywords: canyon street, atmospheric particulate matter, diffusion distribution, field monitoring

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