In order to alleviate the traffic congestion caused by the rapid increase of vehicle ownership and the slow development of urban roads and to improve the efficiency of urban logistics distribution,this paper studies the planning of urban logistics distribution system from the perspective of right of way(ROW).The paper also analyzes the main contents of each level from the structural level of urban logistics distribution system. The distribution routing problem is mainly studied and discussed. In this problem, the idea of ROW is mainly reflected in the aspect of data processing. In this paper, a mathematical model of distribution path with the shortest distribution time as the objective function is established, which limits some aspects of distribution vehicles. Secondly, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to plan the distribution path, and the initial solution determine the range of pheromone concentration, and the optimization of distribution path is completed according to the constraint conditions of ant colony algorithm of TSP problem. Then an example is simulated by MATLAB to illustrate the importance of the research based on ROW. Finally, the results show that the improved ant colony algorithm can optimize the distribution path, reduce the distribution time, alleviate the difficult problem of urban distribution and increase the distribution efficiency, which is of great practical significance. Keywords：Right of Way, Urban Logistics Distribution System, Ant Colony Algorithm, Distribution path

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