A semi-analytical model is proposed to investigate the sound transmission loss of laminated composite structures with embedded damping layers. The frequency-dependent properties of damping layers and temperature dependent characteristics of laminated composite are considered in this study. According to the velocity continuity condition at the air-plate interfaces and the Hamilton’s principle, the dynamic equation can be derived on the basis of the first order shear deformation theory. Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials of the first kind (COPFK) are adopted as the admissible displacement functions due to its high numerical performance. Finally, key parametric studies concerning the influences of the geometrical properties and damping layer’s properties on the sound transmission loss of laminated composite structures are performed.