As for the vibro-acoustic problem of typical submerged structures, based on the theory of generalized spectral-spectral boundary element, a semi-analytical method for modeling and solving the vibro-acoustic response of composite cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions and laying patterns is adopted. The artificial spring is used to simulate the boundary condition of cylindrical shell. Vibration analysis model of composite lamination cylindrical shell is established by first-order shear deformation theory and dynamic equation of shell structure vibration is obtained. By using the spectral boundary element method, the parameters such as sound pressure and normal displacement, Green function and its partial derivatives are expanded along the circumferential coordinates as the linear combination of Fourier series, the surface Helmhertz integral equation is simplified to a line integral to obtain the one-dimensional semi-analytical vibro-acoustic coupling equation. The strong coupling method is adopted to solve the structural vibro-acoustic problem. By comparing with the numerical and reference results, the correctness of the modeling method is verified, and analyzed the influence of boundary conditions and material properties on the acoustic radiation characteristics of composite shell.