Surface plasmon (SP) derives from the interaction of light and matter at nanoscale accompanied by novel physical phenomena, which enables localized surface plasmon resonance, surface enchanced Raman spectrum and so on. In our study, we utilized this in biomedical applications like biosensing, bioimaging and biomanipulations. By engineering plasmonic materials and their nanostructure, as well as factors that affect the surface plasmon propagation, we showed that high sensitive biosensing of molecules and cells could be realized for convenient and rapid point of care testing (POCT) and single cell could be manipulated by SP as well. Also, SP could help gaining the molecule fingerprinting profiles of tissues in combination with spatial bio-omics data.