The Synthesis and Applications of Functional Metal Phosphonate Frameworks
Tao Zheng1, 2 *
1 Institute of Clean Energy, Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China, China
*Email : zhengtao@nwpu.edu.cn
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) feature crystallinity, porosity, and functionalization by modifying the components of metal ions, ligands, or guest molecules. MOFs based on carboxylate ligands have been explored extensively in the last three decades, while MOFs based on metal phosphonates are still far behind since the synthesis of porous phosphonate-based MOFs (PHOS-MOFs) is still a challenge. The limits of the synthesis originate from the facts that (1) metal phosphonates prefer to expand by coordination modes, giving layered structures; (2) weak interactions play an important role in the formation of the third dimension, resulting in unstable structures; (3) in some cases, organic backbones achieve the third dimension of the structure but providing dense structures between layers. Therefore, effective design strategies for integrating porosity and functionalized modification into the framework structure are in urgent demand for the further development of PHOS-MOFs.
The Sterically Hindered Phosphonate Ligand (SHPL) strategy was claimed based on uranyl phosphonates utilizing multi-topic phosphonate ligands with a steric backbone of organic components. The method avoids the formation layer structure and gives dozens of PHOS-MOFs. Further efforts prove that the method is effective for uranyl and successful for high-valence metal ions, such as lanthanide, actinide, transition metal, Group 4 ions, etc. These metal phosphonate frameworks are three-dimensional and stable enough for diverse applications, such as adsorption, luminescence, proton conductivity, and functional membrane components. Based on their stability and diversity of structure, PHOS-MOFs show a bright future in fundamental and application research.
Reference
[1] Tao, Z.; ZaiXing, Y.; Daxiang, G. et al. Nat. Commun.2017, 8, 15369.
[2] Yi, W.; XiangXiang, W.; Yan, H. et al. Chem.-Eur. J.2019, 25, 12567-12575.
[3] Yan, H.; Fan, Z.; JianShen, F. et al. Chem. Commun.2021, 57, 1238-1241.
[4] HongXia, Z.; Chao, Q.; XueWu, Y. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces.2022, 14, 14380-14387.
[5] ZiWei, L.; Chuang, H.; WenZhuo, T. et al. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng.2023, 8, 146-150.