Organic pi-conjugated polymers (OCPs) have drawn significant attention in diverse applications. However, factors affecting the heterogeneous polymerization and porosity of POPs are still not well understood. Herein, we report a new strategy to construct porous organophosphorus polymers (POPPs) with high surface areas and ultramicroporous structures. The strategy harnesses an efficient transition-metal-catalyzed phosphorus−carbon (P−C) coupling reaction at the trigonal pyramidal P-center, which is distinct from the typical carbon−carbon (C−C) coupling reaction utilized in the synthesis of POPs. As the first kinetic study on the coupling reaction of POPs, we uncovered a self-accelerating reaction characteristic. The self-accelerating characteristic of the P−C coupling reaction is beneficial for the high surface area and uniform ultramicroporosity of POPPs. Furthermore, our studies show that the CO2 uptake capacity of POPPs is highly dependent on their porous structures. Overall, our studies pave the way to design new POPs with better controlled chemical and ultramicroporous structures, which have potential applications for CO2 capture and separation.