Modern cities are complex giant systems that are highly integrated with multiple subsystems. Among them, the adaptive evolution between the land subsystem and the road traffic subsystem has profoundly affected the evolution of urban spatial structure. Taking Changting County of Fujian Province as an example, this paper firstly explores the research progress and cognitive characteristics of the relationship between urban land use and road traffic influencing factors through the research method of knowledge graph, thus constructing a table of road traffic driving factors. Secondly, relying on the FLUS model, the BP neural network algorithm is used to calculate the occurrence probability of various land use types under the influence of road traffic factors for the land use data of central city of Changting County in 2014. Then, through spatial correlation analysis, the direction and influence degree of various road traffic factors on the occurrence probability of various land use are analyzed. Finally, it concludes the spatial coupling relationship between various road traffic factors and various land use types, the influence degree of road traffic on the layout and evolution of urban land use and the mechanism of action, and provides suggestions for future urban land use and traffic collaborative planning.