Based on POI network data of 23 convenience store chains, the research aims to explore the spatial structure, agglomeration status and influencing factors of convenience store chains in Wuhan by means of spatial auto-correlation analysis, overlay analysis, kernel density analysis and inverse distance spatial interpolation analysis. The results show that the chain convenience stores in Wuhan have a core structure with multiple agglomeration points. High nuclear density areas include Jianghan Road, Hanzheng Street and other areas along the Yangtze River where the two rivers converge. There are differences between the chain stores of different orders of magnitude, and their clustering preferences are different. The scale from low to high reflects the development and expansion process of convenience stores' outlets. Emerging joint venture convenience stores such as ZhongBai-LAWSON tend to agglomerate in spatial layout, while ZhongBai-HaoBang does not agglomerate significantly. In terms of the factors influencing the location choice of convenience stores, population scale and traffic accessibility are the key factors affecting the layout of convenience stores. With the increase of convenience stores, the economic environment, business environment and regional consumer purchasing power have a greater impact on the spatial distribution of convenience stores.